Importing Wood & Wood Products to the US
Duty Rates for Wood & Wood Products Imports
0%–8% MFN
Duty rates for wood & wood products vary significantly by specific product type, material, and country of origin. The rates above represent the typical range — use the HTS classifier to get the exact rate for your specific product.
HTS Chapters
- Chapter 44 — Wood
Common HTS Code Headings
Classify Your Wood & Wood Products Product
Enter your product description and origin to get the exact HTS code, duty rate, and Section 301 status.
Regulatory Requirements for Wood & Wood Products Imports
Beyond standard CBP duties, wood & wood products imports may require:
- LACEY Act (plant/wildlife trafficking)
- TSCA formaldehyde limits (composite wood)
- CITES protected species
Common Pitfalls
- Lacey Act declaration (all wood products require)
- CITES restricted species identification
- CVD on Canadian softwood lumber (ongoing)
Check All Compliance Requirements
Track FDA, USDA, CPSC, EPA, and CBP requirements for your wood & wood products product catalog.
How Country of Origin Affects Wood & Wood Products Duty Rates
The country where your wood & wood products are manufactured significantly impacts your total duty burden:
| Origin Country | Trade Agreement | Section 301 | Est. Total Duty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇨🇦 Canada | USMCA | None | 0% (USMCA) |
| 🇨🇳 China | None | +7.5%–25% on most goods | MFN + S301 |
| 🇧🇷 Brazil | None | None | MFN Rate |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | None | None | MFN Rate |
| 🇨🇱 Chile | US-Chile FTA | None | 0% (US-Chile FTA) |
Calculate Landed Cost by Country
Compare total import costs for wood & wood products across different origin countries including duty, freight, and fees.
Common Questions About Importing Wood & Wood Products
The Lacey Act (16 U.S.C. §§ 3371–3378) requires all importers to file a Plant and Plant Product Declaration (USDA PPQ Form 505) for any imported product containing plant material — including solid wood, lumber, plywood, wood furniture, paper, engineered flooring, and even musical instruments with wood components. The declaration must list the scientific name, country of harvest, and quantity of each plant species. Violations carry civil penalties up to $10,000/violation and criminal penalties up to $500,000 for knowing violations.
Canadian softwood lumber is subject to ongoing CVD and antidumping orders. As of 2026, combined CVD + AD rates for major Canadian softwood lumber producers range from approximately 8% to 24%, depending on the specific producer and province of origin. These duties stack on top of the USMCA 0% base tariff — a Canadian lumber product at 0% MFN can face 8%–24% effective total duty after CVD/AD. Check Commerce's AD/CVD case database (enforcement.trade.gov) for current cash deposit rates by company.
CITES Appendix I/II protected wood species requiring US Fish & Wildlife permits include: Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra — Appendix I, near-total trade ban), Honduras mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla — Appendix II, export permits required), African cherry (Prunus africana — Appendix II), and ebony (Diospyros spp. — Appendix II). Import of Appendix I species requires both a US Fish & Wildlife import permit AND an export permit from the country of origin. Failure to obtain CITES permits results in seizure.
TSCA Title VI (40 CFR Part 770) sets formaldehyde emission limits for composite wood products imported into or sold in the US: hardwood plywood ≤0.05 ppm, particleboard ≤0.09 ppm, MDF ≤0.11 ppm, thin MDF ≤0.13 ppm. Products must be certified by an EPA-accredited Third-Party Certifier (TPC) as equivalent to CARB Phase 2 standards. Importers must obtain TSCA Title VI certifications from suppliers before import — non-compliant products are subject to CBP detention and EPA enforcement.
Softwood lumber (HTS 4407.10): 0% MFN from most countries. Hardwood lumber (4407.91–99): 0% MFN. Plywood (4412 series): 0%–8% depending on face veneer species. Engineered wood flooring (4418.21): 3.2%–8%. Wood windows and doors (4418.10): 0%–4.8%. Wood furniture (9403.60): 0%. Note: Canadian softwood lumber faces CVD/AD duties despite 0% MFN tariff. Always confirm specific 8/10-digit HTS code as rates vary significantly by product form and species.
Wood & Wood Products Import Analysis — 2026 Tariff Environment
The 2026 Tariff Environment for Wood & Wood Products
The US tariff landscape for wood & wood products imports has shifted dramatically since 2024. China-origin wood & wood products face Section 301 surcharges that push effective duty rates well above MFN baseline — in many cases doubling the total landed cost compared to alternative sourcing countries. The April 2026 IEEPA executive order added a 10% baseline tariff on goods from countries without active free trade agreements, creating a new cost layer that affects most origin countries except Canada, which qualify for USMCA preferential treatment. For importers, this means duty modeling must now account for MFN base rate + Section 301 (if China) + Section 232 (if steel/aluminum content) + IEEPA baseline (if non-FTA origin) + MPF + HMF — a five-layer tariff stack that requires careful calculation.
Supply Chain Dynamics: Where Wood & Wood Products Are Actually Made
The top US import sources for wood & wood products — Canada, China, Brazil — each present a different cost-compliance trade-off. China remains the dominant producer by volume, but the cumulative tariff burden (MFN + Section 301 + IEEPA) has accelerated sourcing diversification since 2018. Canada offers a tariff advantage through USMCA — qualifying goods enter at 0% duty, bypassing Section 301, IEEPA, and MFN layers entirely. However, USMCA rules of origin require meeting regional value content (RVC) thresholds and origin tracing documentation. Importers should model total landed cost across at least three origin countries before committing to procurement contracts, using the Landed Cost Calculator for accurate comparisons.
Compliance Requirements That Wood & Wood Products Importers Miss
Wood & Wood Products imports face 3 distinct regulatory requirements, administered by multiple federal agencies operating independently. Run a compliance check to identify every agency with jurisdiction over your specific product.
Reducing Your Wood & Wood Products Import Costs in 2026
With multiple tariff layers stacking, wood & wood products importers have several cost optimization strategies:
- HTS classification optimization: Many wood & wood products products can be classified under multiple headings with different duty rates. A classification review by a licensed customs broker or trade attorney can identify lower-duty alternatives. Use the HTS Classifier for initial assessment.
- USMCA preference utilization: If sourcing from Mexico or Canada, ensure your products meet USMCA rules of origin. Many importers fail to claim available FTA preferences because they lack the required certificate of origin documentation — leaving money on the table on every shipment.
- Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) strategy: Importing wood & wood products into an FTZ before entering US commerce can reduce duty exposure through inverted tariff manufacturing, duty deferral, and re-export without duty payment.
- Duty drawback: If you re-export wood & wood products (or use imported materials in goods that are exported), you may recover up to 99% of duties paid through the CBP drawback program.
- First Sale valuation: For multi-tier supply chains (manufacturer → middleman → importer), the "first sale" rule allows duties to be assessed on the lower manufacturer-to-middleman price rather than the middleman-to-importer price — reducing the dutiable value by 15%–30% in many cases.
For a complete tariff exposure analysis of your specific wood & wood products products, order a $29 HTS Classification Report — includes duty breakdown, alternative classifications, and sourcing comparison.
Need to budget for a specific shipment? Get a $49 Landed Cost Analysis — itemized freight, duties, fees, and cost-per-unit across 3 shipment sizes.
Tools for Wood & Wood Products Importers
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Tariff rates are sourced from USITC HTS Schedule as of 2026-07-04. Compliance requirements based on current CBP, FDA, USDA, and CPSC regulations. Always verify with official sources before importing. AI-assisted analysis — not legal or customs advice.